ZFM Advanced Explorations

[Yaro1776]

ZFM with R Cole's CEMF Circuit

Hola to all,

During Ron Cole's association with John Bedini a number of very interesting motors and control circuits were produced. This collaboration yielded the BiPolar Switching circuit (depicted in prior post) and other enhancements. One of the enhancements was the adder circuit to collect the "Counter EMF" as described by Cole. A better description may be that the terms are not that well defined. It appears, at least to this writer, that the circuit may just be collecting the extra potential created by the inductive collapse upon the removal of power from the coil circuit before the polarity reversal - correct me if I am wrong here. So, it may not be a true BEMF recycling circuit, but an inductive spike collection method. The semantics here can be rehashed by others and corrected as need be. Of more consequence is the impact on motor performance.



The additional circuit is essentially a diode bridge, whose sole purpose is to collect this collapse of potential during coil power off and to transform it into a usable form that can be injected back into the ZFM's coil power circuit. All in all, an interesting conjecture. Question is whether this does indeed work and, more importantly, can it be used to jack up the performance of the ZFM??

As an example preliminary data from the 4 pole configuration is used:
Series mode w/o Cole circuit
36.26v, 6733 RPM at 0.81A, 000 gr Load with input 29.37w - 00.0% eff
36.83v, 4617 RPM at 1.54A, 540 gr Load with input 56.72w - 28.8% eff
Series mode w/ Cole circuit
36.23v, 7180 RPM at 0.79A, 000 gr Load with input 28.62w - 00.0% eff
36.89v, 4690 RPM at 1.50A, 550 gr Load with input 55.34w - 30.3% eff

In general from multiple readings in Series mode the added Cole circuit yielded about a 10% improvement.

Parallel mode w/o Cole circuit
23.80v, 8340 RPM at 1.46A, 000 gr Load with Input 34.75w - 00.0% eff
24.29v, 4610 RPM at 2.80A, 550 gr Load with input 67.29w - 24.5% eff

Parallel mode w/ Cole circuit
24.39v, 8443 RPM at 1.53A, 000 gr Load with input 37.32w - 00.0% eff
24.29v, 4950 RPM at 2.69A, 550 gr Load with input 65.34w - 27.1% eff

In general from multiple readings in Parallel mode the added Cole circuit yielded about a 10% improvement.

Overall the above experiments were not pushed for more performance and RPM. The last set of experiments were incomplete when a shorted wire from the Cole circuit breadboard fried one set of transistors. This will be repaired and the experiments run again in the future.

It is of interest that in Parallel mode the 2 wire output from the Cole circuit was 2 to 4 volts higher than the combined input voltage from the Bipolar switch - for a 24.5 V power supply voltage, the total coil voltage potential would equal 49.0 volts, but the Cole circuit output would read 52 volts. This split output was fed into the transistors.

BTW the function of the 4uf capacitor in the circuit is to smooth out the voltage speed bumps, I believe that a higher value would provide a bit more smoothing. Not sure what the function of the balance resistor is at this time.

In the next post, as time permits, I intend to more fully describe the performance of the added Cole circuit through a comparison of scope shots with and without the circuit.

Thanks for your attention...
Ciao,

[Yaro1776]

ZFM with R Cole's CEMF Circuit2

Greetings to all,

The last post presented preliminary data and performance of the ZFM utilizing the R Cole CEMF circuit. Inserted below are four pics that depict the oscope graphs for Voltage (yellow trace) and Amperage (blue trace) under a no load condition. The timing here is ~55 degrees advance from the coil end/center of the rotor Neo interface. The ZFM is being powered by 2 LAB's in series for both consecutive test configurations. These tests are in Coil Parallel mode.

The first pic is of the Parallel run without the CEMF circuit at 24 volts at 8800 RPM and 1.70A, while the second pic depicts Gen mode when the power is removed from the ZFM circuit. The Gen mode trace is in actuality the motor's BEMF and the maximum voltage is about 20v. The BEMF trace is a relatively regular wave pattern.

You will note in the first pic that the inductive spikes upon removal of power hit nearly 70 volts.





The third pic displays the Parallel run w/ the Cole circuit at 24 volts at 8800 RPM and 1.67A, while the fourth pic presents the BEMF graph. When the Cole CEMF circuit is activated the major voltage spikes during operation are reduced to a maximum of about 55 volts. The remainder of the graph appears very similar to the w/o CEMF pic. Now the last pic of the BEMF trace is radically different and demonstrates the impact of the rectifier bridge and the 4uF capacitor. Certainly this can be further smoothed by raising the value of the capacitor.





In conclusion the very tight gap between the rotor and coil along with the stronger Neo's does markedly improve the torque characteristics of the ZFM. The most recent tests in series mode clearly show that the ideal advance for the motor ranges around 45 to 50 degrees. A test run on Feb 7 at 24 volts showed the torque curve to be stable from a no load speed of 4500 RPM at 0.58A down to 2100 RPM at 1.57A with a 615 gram load. Nominal efficiency output/input of 26% without the CEMF circuit (New Bipolar Switch board is on its way).

Increasing the voltage to 36v will improve the torque and efficiency to 30%. It has been demonstrated that efficiencies of over 40% can be achieved with various timing, rotor and Neo configurations for the Twin coil 4 Neo rotor ZFM. The total impact of the Cole CEMF circuit, from the small test sample, appears to add about a 10% performance improvement.

So overall the 4 pole ZFM experiments are relatively complete. There may be additional posts to demonstrate relevant results. For now the next steps are to improve the timing method and design the next ZFM configuration.

Thank you for your attention...

[Aaron Murakami]

Hi Yaro,

Thanks for the continuing updates on your experiments!

Do you have any plans to experiment with this kind of ZFM with an iron core?

[Yaro1776]

Hey Aaron,

Appreciate your comment and positive suggestion. I will be reviewing the next potential modifications to this existing design configuration and the iron core is one of them. The last set of experiments related to an iron core were done over a year ago by placing thin very low carbon steel strips on the outside arc of the two coils. This experiment clearly demonstrated that the steel strips will heat up very rapidly from the oscillating magnetic fields - great induction heater. Granted this may not be the case for a coil with an internal iron core at the lower RPM's.

There still remains a lot of important data that needs to be analyzed before jumping forward to the next build/modification. Time will tell!

[Yaro1776]

As a followup to the last post the following links are provided as historical perspective and progression of the ZFM:

ZFM Demo video by John Bedini of P Lindemann's motor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TICXxP1jI4

3D ZFM model video by John Bedini
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQzc...ature=youtu.be

ZFM Proto video by John Bedini using iron core
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kpDMMcNQxc

In essence the YZFM does embody JB's concept, though imperfectly. The last iteration, contained within the latest posts, demonstrates the motor running at high speed while using a firing advance such that the coil is energized at its mid point. All is good here.

There still remain many questions with respect to the operating principles of the Zero Force Motor and the influence of Bemf. More on this, perhaps, at a later date.

Thanks to Forum member Gyula for assembling the above video info documented in the early posts of the Johm Bedini's Magnetic Model Thread.

Have a great Washington's Birthday and thanks for your attention.

[Yaro1776]

ZFM Tech Data etc

Hello to all,

Sun is finally getting higher and Spring does get the energy flowing again after the winter doldrums. The ZFM BiPolar switch has been refurbished and some initial test runs completed to verify the Bemf tests with the Cole Cemf circuit. The results are very close to the prior tests and do show the previous gains. Waiting on the other capacitors before finalizing these results.

In the interim I am posting a number of charts depicting the performance of the current ZFM model without the Cemf circuit. The Charts are as follows - apologize for the use of .pdf's.

The first chart depicts the motor input amperage versus torque load. These amperage values are simple way of describing how the motor behaves as the load is increased. You will note that this relationship is very linear with the amperage maximized at stall or zero RPM. The minimum amperage was at no load speed indicating the minimum draw created by friction, windage, etc. In all instances the ZFM was operated at 36 volts DC for consistency.

ZFM Chart1.pdf

The second Chart depicts the Output Power of the motor vs. Torque Load. The physical limits of the Torque testing device precluded data over the 900 gram point and below 250 grams, however the motor still had some good bottom end power, though unmeasured. The curve does demonstrate that the motor speed is very dependent on load for a given voltage. Varying the voltage can compensate for this inherent design trait and expand the usefulness of the ZFM.

ZFM Chart2.pdf

The third Chart depicts the Output Power vs RPM. One can expect the curve to further flatten out as the load is increased with the RPM continuing to drop. It does appear that there is a broad range of usable RPM.

ZFM Chart3.pdf

The fourth Chart depicts the motor Efficiency vs. Torque load and is, perhaps, the most interesting of the charts. The basic motor Efficiency appears to remain relatively constant over a wide range of Torque load.

ZFM Chart4.pdf

From a flexibility perspective the ZFM is able to respond to varying voltages as needed. The power output and input curves of the motor will shift to yield more speed and with more output based on higher voltage, the reverse is true for lower voltages.

Done with this segment, ready for tapping the maples...

Thank you for your attention!!!

[Aaron Murakami]

Hi Yaro,

I've been interested in seeing what a ZFM will do with a real core, but I keep seeing evidence that full air core is the way to go.

There was an air core motor at last year's conference in the demo/vendor room and it has come a long way. It's like an SG but with air cores, using Babcock's switching method and going up in size and voltage takes the results to another level. It can go almost 10,000 rpm, turn a very conventional DC motor used as a generator, put out a constant 20 watts from that full Lenz effect generator and the batteries stay charged up.

It's air core, but has a lot of radiant going to a recovery battery bank that really pushes it but the coils are pretty good size and there are maybe 8 of them.

I think if there is a ZFM 4-5 times bigger than the one you are testing and you keep the voltage up around 48-60 volts that it would have similar results. Especially, applying everything you have learned so far. You and James together have more practical knowledge about the ZFM at this point than anyone else by a longshot.

I'm still swamped with the MWO project but at least we've been over the hump since December - I still want to build one that is a bit on the larger size and would definitely would like to consult with you when that time comes.

[Yaro1776]

Hey Aaron,

Good to read that someone else is considering building a ZFM type of motor. I encourage you to go forward with your planned build and will assist you with design questions as much as our meager experience allows.

Bear in mind that the limiting factor here will be the Bipolar switch amperage and overall wattage capacity in conjunction with the timing method. It has been demonstrated that there are three basic ways of increasing power and RPM: 1) voltage increase, 2) varying the series coil resistance and 3) varying advance and duty cycle.

The truest method for determining the capability of the machine is to focus on its ability to provide torque over a wide range of RPM. Typically, in the ZFM design concept, increasing the voltage increases the power output, but with increasing heat in the switching board transistors.

I digress - go for it and contact me if there are further questions.

[Aaron Murakami]

If I look at a larger build, I might look at using a Babcock type circuit since it can reverse polarity and handle a lot of power. It's fast enough to take the recovery from the coil and put it to a cap and put it right back to the front to drop the input requirement. I don't know enough about the circuit itself and would see if he can help with that part. The motor I mentioned above uses a Babcock circuit but does not reverse polarity so it can be configured either way.

Have you ever tried a bifilar coil wired in series like in Tesla's patent for the ZFM motor coils? https://patents.google.com/patent/US512340A/en

It's frequency specific but basically has no back emf and only has ohmic loses. Peter and I did a gen coil like that on a SG that lit the LED bank and if it was positioned just right, the RPM has 0 drop when the load was on. "Turion" in Energetic Forum in the 3 battery thread has up-scaled that concept quite a bit for his generator.

I don't know how that arrangement will work for a ZFM on the motoring side of things or if it is more beneficial for generator action.

I ran that by Eric Dollard and if just 2 wires in series, he agreed it would have no self induction as the patent claims, but he said it would have poor EMF output. Turion's results appear to challenge that. Eric said it would be just like a resonant 2-wire transmission line. He's up to analyzing it if I can provide all the details, but I'll do more of my own experiments first and provide him with my own results.

Peter and I wound that coil with 10 wires that were 100 feet each and put all those in series. Turion used about 12 that were about 150-160 feet each of 23 awg.

[RS_]

Making a larger ZFM motor, will require the JB Ferris Wheel Circuit in a H bridge circuit configuration like the ZFM H bridge circuit is.......

Then advance to a mulity strand muilty transistor BJ/Cole H bridge circuit w/ FWBR output arrangement, For a really powerful ZFM motor...

i can see 4 advanced motors like this in a car's 4 wheels....

[RS_]

Making a larger ZFM motor, will require the JB Ferris Wheel Circuit in a H bridge circuit configuration like the ZFM H bridge circuit is.......

Then advance to a mulity strand per coil, muilty transistor BJ/Cole H bridge driver circuit w/ FWBR output arrangement, For a really powerful ZFM motor...

i can see 4 advanced motors like this in a car's 4 wheels....

I designed a 8 IGBT BJ/Cole circuits, 8 coil motor driver circuit for Alan Francore

way back in the day, that circuit with 2 sets of JB/Cole circuits stuffed on the 8 circuit PCB, with the adjustable FWBR, would run a large 24V DC motor i found as surplus, with 800V to 1100V spikes and would fill a 1.3Farid cap bank to 40V+ every 2 sec's between dumps to Golf cart Battery's *(L16 batterys)wrong*

[Yaro1776]

Hello RS,

Thanks for your expert feedback on the larger ZFM motor. As of right now we are only pushing an overall motor efficiency of 30 to 40%. Some of this is due to the simple Reed switch timing. Improving upon this will jack up the performance for sure, based on experience gained over the past two years. The FWBR appears to be one of the ways to improve on this - the other cruder method is to use Hall switches.

Based on my experiments it appears that going to a 6 pole rotor, a la R Cole, will give further gains in overall efficiency in conjunction with major gains in torque. Of course, the coil config is a bit different from the Bedini ZFM principle of using an equivalent empty arc between the driving coils. There is still a way to go for a truly useful and practical application.

In any case thanks to both you and Aaron for jostling my mindset to further explorations! Perhaps going to a 3 ZFM coil arrangement with 6 poles would be an informational bonus...

Back to my BEMF explorations.

Still have a foot of snow in my front yard and the outdoor season beckons after a too long winter. Aargh!

[RS_]

Yaro.

I would not consider Hall switches as a Cruder form of switching..... i consider Hall switches a far more elegant and useful form of switching compared to the reed switches, that the high RPM of a ZFM is pushing to it very limits....... most of the later window motor H Bridge BJ/Cole circuits use Hall switches too..... The Ferris Wheel uses hall switching in both of it's BJ/Cole circuits.

All of my various BJ/Cole circuits have used Hall Switching. I 3D printed a 3 magnet timing wheel and 2 adjustable Hall sw holders for the faux window motor kit we all got at the 2011 conference that i modified to be a real window motor with 3 coils like JB shows in his notes.....

[Yaro1776]

Hey RS,

I misspoke on the Hall switch timing and stand corrected. The reed switches are a great place to start, but as the need for precision increases their performance leaves something to be desired. Actually I have been considering the Hall switches for the next ZFM phase, but then an optical switching arrangement may also be useful.

I did not request more detail on the H Bridge circuit, but I am now. It would be good to know the basic circuit layout for higher amperages of operation.

I do not have the 3D printing capability for making Hall switch mounts for the next ZFM iteration timing. Still considering an optical arrangement for this next build since it appears to have a higher degree of precision for setting and varying the duty cycle and advance which are both critical from an experimental standpoint.

As described in Ron Cole's notes, well, he pushed the motor efficiency way up there (150%+), that makes the present performance (30-40%) rather puny. But overall, Cole's motor still was a relatively small output. Question remains as to whether this design concept is scaleable???

Increasing the voltage, as Aaron suggests, can at times be a bit on the wild side. I have experienced several failures at high voltages of the rotor Neo's well over 10,000 RPM. Not recommended from a safety and sanity perspective. One does become gun shy... But improving the torque loading design method will certainly help to minimize this high RPM aspect. I will try jacking up the voltage to the max of 60 volts DC later this week and see what happens...

I truly appreciate your perspective, comments and feedback while exploring the unknown zones.

I need a pointer lead to look at the 3 coil design more closely.

[RS_]

Hea,

Here are Pics of the 3D printed window motor timing wheel and hall holders / mounting bracket

I have tryed Optical, but you have to have a timing wheel designed for it, that is adjustable in timing trigger position to the coils and pulse width of the pulse that seams a bit more tricky than the hall sw / magnet timing wheel.... I most likely could design and 3d print a timing wheel for a Opto sensor in a few days.... i did not have this option till a few years ago and would have tried it back then if i would have had it handy....

will try to find pics of the 8 pole steel timing wheel rotor, i had a professor buddy with a machine shop make for me way back in the day, that will work with hall or opto....

a adjustable voltage regulator can be a speed controller.... Look at the SCH i gave you at the 2015? conference....
email me for more info

Any one with pics of the 3 pole window motor diagram from JB's notes handy to post....?