Tweet
So what exactly does the Bedini/Cole inverted circuit do?
Tom Bearden stated in a white paper on March 24, 2003
Well, with "zero" conventional emf (field) on the conductor (and conventional net current of zero), the individual electrons in the copper are still going insane, hopping and colliding, and moving short distances with incredible speed and acceleration and deceleration. If one takes the sheer raw kinetic energy of each of those electrons and sums all of it up, a piece of copper wire has enough raw energy going on to power a big city! It's really enormous, but "zeroes out" on the average. It is therefore the perfect example of rather complete entropy (disordering and loss of external control).
Ha! If loss of control and the disordering are the problem, then to capture some of that energy as ordered, controlled energy and then utilize it, one must perform actions to (1) re-establish higher level ordering, by self-ordering means using only a little "trigger" signal power and adroit switching, and (2) this re-ordering must be at the macro level, which means that all three of those coupled dynamic areas must be not only self-ordering, but the multiple self-orderings itself must be coherent.
The Tom Bearden Website
By switching the inverted circuitry of the Bedini/Cole reorders chaos controlling the energy flux externally through circuit design known as inverted circuitry.
The following pictures are a depiction of what happens when a diode switching loss occurs during the transition of the diode from a forward- to reverse-biased condition.
The next image is the same inverted:
The spike should look familiar to those forum members with oscilloscopes.
Power Electronics.com calls this transition of the diode a forward to reverse biased condition that results in an "internal rate of return" which results in a switching power loss, in their article; Switch-Mode Power Supplies for Beginners: An Efficiency Primer Part 1!
Switch-Mode Power Supplies for Beginners: An Efficiency Primer Part 1
Switch-Mode Power Supplies for Beginners: An Efficiency Primer Part 1 | Power Primer Tutorial in Power Electronics | Engineering Essentials content from Power Electronics
(Excerpt)
Like the MOSFET, the diode also exhibits switching loss. However, this loss depends to a large extent on the reverse-recovery time (tRR) of the diode used. Diode switching loss occurs during the transition of the diode from a forward- to reverse-biased condition.
Charge present in the diode due to forward current must be swept out of the junction as reverse voltage is applied to it, resulting in a current spike (IRRpeak) opposite of forward current. This action results in a V × I power loss, since reverse voltage is applied across the diode during this reverse-recovery event. Fig. 5 presents the simplified plot of a pn diode reverse-recovery period.
When the reverse-recovery characteristics of the diode are known, the following equation is used to estimate the switching power loss (PSWdiode) of the diode:
PSWdiode
0.5 x VREVERSE x IRRpeak x tRR2 x fs
where VREVERSE is the reverse-bias voltage across the MOSFET, IRRpeak is the peak reverse-recovery current, tRR2 is that portion of the reverse-recovery time after IRR peaks. For the stepdown converter, VIN reverse-biases the diode after the MOSFET turns on.
To demonstrate the diode equations, Fig. 6 displays the voltage and current waveforms observed for the pn switching diode in a typical stepdown converter. VIN = 10 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, measured IRRpeak = 250 mA, IOUT = 500 mA, fS = 1 MHz, tRR2 = 28 ns and VF = 0.9 V. Using these values:
PTOTALdiode = PSWdiode + PCONDdiode
(1 - VOUT / VIN ) x IOUT x VF + 0.5 x VIN x IRRpeak x tRR2 x fS
= (1 - 0.33) x 0.5 x 0.9 + 0.5 x 10 x 0.25 x 28 x 10-9 x 1 x 106
= 301.5 mW + 35 mW
= 336.5 mW
This result coincides with the average power loss of 358.7 mW indicated in the lower plot in Fig. 6. Due to the large value of VF and the lengthy diode conduction interval, and since tRR is relatively fast, conduction losses (PSWdiode) dominate the diode.
***
What Power Electronics calls a (sic) "diode switching loss," the Bedini/Cole Circuit exploits, which is what Bearden adroitly stated in his March 24, 2003 white paper aforesaid mentioned!!!
The Tom Bearden Website
Tom Bearden stated in a white paper on March 24, 2003
Well, with "zero" conventional emf (field) on the conductor (and conventional net current of zero), the individual electrons in the copper are still going insane, hopping and colliding, and moving short distances with incredible speed and acceleration and deceleration. If one takes the sheer raw kinetic energy of each of those electrons and sums all of it up, a piece of copper wire has enough raw energy going on to power a big city! It's really enormous, but "zeroes out" on the average. It is therefore the perfect example of rather complete entropy (disordering and loss of external control).
Ha! If loss of control and the disordering are the problem, then to capture some of that energy as ordered, controlled energy and then utilize it, one must perform actions to (1) re-establish higher level ordering, by self-ordering means using only a little "trigger" signal power and adroit switching, and (2) this re-ordering must be at the macro level, which means that all three of those coupled dynamic areas must be not only self-ordering, but the multiple self-orderings itself must be coherent.
The Tom Bearden Website
By switching the inverted circuitry of the Bedini/Cole reorders chaos controlling the energy flux externally through circuit design known as inverted circuitry.
The following pictures are a depiction of what happens when a diode switching loss occurs during the transition of the diode from a forward- to reverse-biased condition.
The next image is the same inverted:
The spike should look familiar to those forum members with oscilloscopes.
Power Electronics.com calls this transition of the diode a forward to reverse biased condition that results in an "internal rate of return" which results in a switching power loss, in their article; Switch-Mode Power Supplies for Beginners: An Efficiency Primer Part 1!
Switch-Mode Power Supplies for Beginners: An Efficiency Primer Part 1
Switch-Mode Power Supplies for Beginners: An Efficiency Primer Part 1 | Power Primer Tutorial in Power Electronics | Engineering Essentials content from Power Electronics
(Excerpt)
Like the MOSFET, the diode also exhibits switching loss. However, this loss depends to a large extent on the reverse-recovery time (tRR) of the diode used. Diode switching loss occurs during the transition of the diode from a forward- to reverse-biased condition.
Charge present in the diode due to forward current must be swept out of the junction as reverse voltage is applied to it, resulting in a current spike (IRRpeak) opposite of forward current. This action results in a V × I power loss, since reverse voltage is applied across the diode during this reverse-recovery event. Fig. 5 presents the simplified plot of a pn diode reverse-recovery period.
When the reverse-recovery characteristics of the diode are known, the following equation is used to estimate the switching power loss (PSWdiode) of the diode:
PSWdiode
0.5 x VREVERSE x IRRpeak x tRR2 x fs
where VREVERSE is the reverse-bias voltage across the MOSFET, IRRpeak is the peak reverse-recovery current, tRR2 is that portion of the reverse-recovery time after IRR peaks. For the stepdown converter, VIN reverse-biases the diode after the MOSFET turns on.
To demonstrate the diode equations, Fig. 6 displays the voltage and current waveforms observed for the pn switching diode in a typical stepdown converter. VIN = 10 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, measured IRRpeak = 250 mA, IOUT = 500 mA, fS = 1 MHz, tRR2 = 28 ns and VF = 0.9 V. Using these values:
PTOTALdiode = PSWdiode + PCONDdiode
(1 - VOUT / VIN ) x IOUT x VF + 0.5 x VIN x IRRpeak x tRR2 x fS
= (1 - 0.33) x 0.5 x 0.9 + 0.5 x 10 x 0.25 x 28 x 10-9 x 1 x 106
= 301.5 mW + 35 mW
= 336.5 mW
This result coincides with the average power loss of 358.7 mW indicated in the lower plot in Fig. 6. Due to the large value of VF and the lengthy diode conduction interval, and since tRR is relatively fast, conduction losses (PSWdiode) dominate the diode.
***
What Power Electronics calls a (sic) "diode switching loss," the Bedini/Cole Circuit exploits, which is what Bearden adroitly stated in his March 24, 2003 white paper aforesaid mentioned!!!
The Tom Bearden Website
Comment